![]() ![]() Furthermore, the former boundaries between disorders of neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, neuronal migration and cortical organisation are beginning to break down, as we deepen our understanding of their genetic and cellular aetiology.ĭuring development, the neocortex becomes populated by two main groups of neurons – excitatory projection neurons and inhibitory interneurons. However, findings over recent years suggest that MCDs are far more heterogeneous – on a genetic, cellular and physiological level – than traditional classification schemes have indicated. MCDs have traditionally been classified according to the stage or process of cortical development that is affected ( Table 1) ( Barkovich et al., 2012 Pang et al., 2008). Indeed in humans, MCDs are a recognized cause of developmental delay, intellectual disability and epilepsy, and are also associated with dysmorphic features ( Guerrini and Dobyns, 2014 Jamuar and Walsh, 2015 Romero et al., 2018). ![]() As such, MCDs that affect the structure and functioning of this key brain region can have severe outcomes. It plays vital roles in processing and integrating information from all bodily senses to result in social and motor behaviours, in planning and organization, and in determining intelligence and personality ( Kandel and Squire, 2000). The human cerebral cortex represents the largest region of the cerebrum – the most highly developed part of the human brain. ![]()
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